精神影像特色学科
精神影像学是一个医学、心理与脑认知科学、神经科学、理工、化学及计算机等多学科交叉的新型学科领域。随着多模态影像技术尤其是磁共振技术的发展和更新，现已能够无创性地客观评价活体脑结构和功能，是目前精神疾病及心理学研究领域的前沿的研究方法之一。其在精神分裂症、双相障碍、神经认知障碍、强迫障碍、焦虑障碍、创伤后应激障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍等多种疾病中得到临床和亚临床的应用。
以影像为中心的研究的核心优势是，它允许从脑损伤的个体变异中检测具有高同质性的亚组，并建立其与症状特征的关联。研究证实很多疾病的发生发展与个体基因关系密切，基因的差异决定着个体的结构与功能的差异，在精神疾病中表现也较为突出。而通过多模态影像数据与某种疾病的相关基因相结合，以多模态磁共振数据的各类指标作为外表型与候选基因相关联来诊断精神疾病，预测精神疾病的发生、发展及转归成精神疾病发展的又一热点。
特色精神学科的建设的内容包括：1、临床实践：向临床精神医师提供特色影像临床服务：海马MR 扫描及海马萎缩及分级的专业诊断评估报告，认知障碍相关的脑白质疏松的影像评估，帮助临床对精神疾病的精准诊疗。2、科学研究：（1）脑影像的研究：a. 发展多模态数据的采集和分析方法研究，提出基于影像学的精神疾病发生和转归的定量预测及疾病评估模型; b. 开展跨疾病的精神影像组学／机器学习研究; 2）抗精神疾病药物所致的脑外组织、器官影像改变的研究，利用影像数据联合生物学标记物寻找精神疾病及抗精神药物所致药物性内脏疾病早期影像标记物。3、人才培养和梯队建设：每周科室组织相关精神影像专题讲座及文献学习，参加国内外学术会议，进行专业知识和技能的培训，建立一支具有高、中、低职称合理结构的人才队伍。
设立精神影像特色学科的目标是建立特色影像临床及科研扫描参数体系，进一步提升精神影像临床服务能力，提供具有临床指导价值的影像诊断报告，开展精神影像临床应用及研究的新技术和新项目；建立具有较强科研能力的人才梯队，提高科研水平，在国内外精神影像领域产生一定的影响力；开设精神影像学课程，建立长期培养精神影像学科人才的基地。 综上述，建立精神影像特色学科，旨在提高影像在精神疾病中的临床服务能力和研究精神疾病发生发展的科研创新能力，更充分地发挥影像在精神疾病领域的应用价值。
Psychiatric Imaging
Psychiatric imaging is a new interdisciplinary field of medicine, involving psychology and brain cognitive science, neuroscience, engineering, chemistry and computer science. With the development and update of multi-modal imaging technology, especially magnetic resonance technology, it has been able to evaluate the structure and function of human brain in vivo objectively and noninvasively. It is one of the frontier research methods in the field of psychiatry and psychology. It has been widely used in clinical for many mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar, neurocognitive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other diseases.
The core advantage of psychiatric imaging research is that it allows subgroups with high homogeneity to be detected from individual variants of brain injury and establishes their association with symptomatic characteristics. Studies showed that the occurrence and development of many diseases are closely related to genes. The differences of genes determine the structural and functional differences of individuals, especially in mental disorders. It has been a hot spot in the field of mental disorders combining multi-modal imaging data with related genes of mental disease and using various markers of MRI data to explore the correlation between phenotype and candidate genes and to predict occurrence, development and transformation of mental disorders.
The disciplinary development of psychiatric imaging includes: 1. Clinical practice: providing characteristic clinical imaging services, such as MR scanning of hippocampus, professional diagnosis and evaluation report of hippocampal atrophy and grading, imaging evaluation of cerebral leukoaraiosis related to cognitive impairment, and helping clinicians to accurately diagnose and treat mental disorders. 2. Scientific research: (1) Brain imaging research: developing multi-modal data acquisition and analysis methods, proposing quantitative prediction and disease assessment models based on imaging for the occurrence and outcomes of mental disorders; developing cross-disease psychoimaging histology/machine learning research;
(2) To study the imaging changes of extracerebral tissues and organs caused by antipsychotic drugs, and to search for the early imaging markers of psychiatric diseases and drug-induced visceral diseases by using image data combined with biological markers. 3. Strengthening echelon construction by traning academic staff who act as a mainstay: related mental imaging lectures and literature study are held weekly; traning chances of domestic and foreign academic conferences are offered. We aim to establish a professional team of talents in the field of psychiatric imaging.
In conclusion, the establishment of psychiatric imaging with characteristics helps to improve the clinical psychiatric imaging service and the scientific research innovation in the imaging evaluation on the occurrence and development of psychiatric diseases.
