上海市肿瘤研究所成立于1958年，1980年被确认为世界卫生组织癌症预防与控制合作中心。1985年获批筹建癌基因与相关基因国家重点实验室，1987年通过验收并对外开放。1996年与上海市科委共建基因治疗研究中试上海基地。2003年原上海市卫生局与上海交通大学共建上海交通大学肿瘤研究所。2010年，与仁济医院实现院所合一。2019年整建制划归上海市教育委员会，由上海交通大学医学院和附属仁济医院共同管理。
全所（徐汇和闵行两园区）占地面积6356平方米，现有实验室空间10500平方米。目前，正逐步整体搬迁至位于浦东仁济医院的十八层新科研楼，科研和办公环境得到极大提升。作为癌基因与相关基因国家重点实验室依托单位，研究所设肿瘤微环境、肿瘤分子病理研究组等20个研究组（室）和动物实验中心、科学研究公共平台、《肿瘤》杂志编辑部等辅助部门。现有在编职工108人，其中78%以上为专业科技人员，65%具有研究生学历，包括中国工程院院士3人、国家终身教授1人。高级职称专业技术人员28人，研究生导师27人（博导17人、硕导10人），在读研究生67人（博士生40人、硕士生27人）。
肿瘤所致力实施“人才强所”战略，先后从国外引入国家特聘专家等一批高水平人才。十三五以来，有27人次先后入选上海领军人才、上海市优秀学科带头人、上海市科技启明星计划、上海青年科技英才扬帆计划、上海市青年拔尖人才开发计划、上海市人才发展资金等人才计划，承担各类纵向科研课题166项（国家级项目48项），科研经费达到6085.2万元。其中，科技部重大专项课题4项，国家重点研发计划2项，NSFC项目41项。研制成功全球首个肝癌CAR-T细胞，临床试验疗效显著，在国际实体瘤CAR-T免疫治疗研究领域处于领先地位。CAR-T细胞药物获国家药监局注册临床研究许可3项、美国FDA及加拿大卫生部临床试验许可各1项，在中国、美国等国家和地区同步开展临床试验研究。
以第一单位获得各类科技成果奖励2项，在Nature、Lancet Oncology、Nature Cell Biology、Gastroenterology、Gut等杂志发表SCI 论文171篇。授权发明专利13项，其中1项获得转化，技术转让金额106万元，推动转化医学研究发展。
肿瘤所对外交往密切，先后与美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）、美国国立癌症研究院（NCI）、耶鲁大学、匹兹堡大学、范德堡大学、荷兰癌症研究所、韩国首尔大学等20多个国家的一流科研院所建立了合作关系，聘请了多位国外著名专家和教授担任顾问，推动双方学术交流。
Shanghai Cancer Institute (SCI) was founded in 1958 and was designated as WHO Collaborating Center for Research on Cancer in 1980. In 1985, the establishment of State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes was approved, and the laboratory passed the evaluation and was opened in1987. In 1996, Shanghai Cancer Institute and Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology set up the Gene Therapy Research Pilot Test Base in Shanghai. In 2003, Shanghai Municipal Public Health Bureau and Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) set up SJTU Cancer Institute. In 2010, Shanghai Cancer Institute and Renji Hospital were merged into Cancer Center. Shanghai Cancer Institute has been affiliated to Shanghai Municipal Education Commission in 2019 and now the institute is managed by both Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Renji Hospital.
The institute (both of Xuhui and Minhang parts) covers an area of 6356 m2, with an existing laboratory space of 10500 m2. At present, the institute has been gradually relocated to the new scientific research building with eighteen floors located in Renji Hospital at Pudong, and the environment for scientific research and office work has been greatly improved. As a supporting institute of State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute set up 20 research groups (labs) such as tumor microenvironment and tumor molecular pathology, as well as research support departments such as animal experiment center, core facilities, and editorial department of Tumor Journal. Shanghai Cancer Institute has 108 full-time employees, 78% of whom are professional researchers and 65% hold a graduate degree, including 3 CAE academicians and 1 national tenured professor. There are 28 senior professional researchers, 27 graduate student supervisors (17 doctoral supervisors and 10 master supervisors), and 67 graduate students (40 doctoral students and 27 master students).
Since the 13th Five-year Plan, Shanghai Cancer Institute has implemented the strategy of “reinvigorating the institute through human resource development”, introduced foreign experts, and 27 professors have been included into national and municipal talent programs, such as Shanghai Leading Talents Program, Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leaders Program, Shanghai Rising-Star Program, Shanghai Young Talents in Science and Technology, Shanghai Youth Talent Support Program, Development Fund for Shanghai Talents, etc. They have undertaken 166 scientific research projects (48 national projects) with total scientific research funds of 60.852 million yuan, including 4 National Science and Technology Major Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, 2 National Key Research and Development Projects, and 41 NSFC projects. Shanghai Cancer Institute has successfully developed the world’s first CAR-T cells for liver cancer therapy with significant clinical trial outcome, making it stay ahead of international CAR-T immunotherapy research. CAR-T cell drugs have obtained 3 clinical research licenses registered by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), 1 clinical trial license each from the US FDA and Health Canada, and simultaneously carry out clinical trial research in China and the US.
Shanghai Cancer Institute has been awarded 2 Science& Technology Awards and published 171 SCI papers on Nature, Lancet Oncology, Nature Cell Biology, Gastroenterology, Gut, and other journals. Shanghai Cancer Institute has obtained 13 invention patents, and 1 of them has been transferred with an amount of over 1.06 million yuan, which has achieved development of translational medicine research.
Shanghai Cancer Institute has maintained frequent exchanges with foreign countries, and has established cooperation with prestigious universities and institutes in more than 20 countries, e.g. National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Yale University, University of Pittsburgh, Vanderbilt University, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, and Seoul National University. Meanwhile, it has hired several foreign famous experts and professors as advisors to promote mutual academic exchange.
